Home  ›  The Textbased Art of Barbara Kruger Is an Example of

The Textbased Art of Barbara Kruger Is an Example of

Written By Friday, April 29, 2022 Add Comment Edit

American creative person

Barbara Kruger
Born (1945-01-26) Jan 26, 1945 (age 77)

Newark, New Bailiwick of jersey, U.S.
Nationality American
Education Syracuse University
Parsons School of Blueprint, New York
Known for Visual art and graphic design

Notable work

 I Shop Therefore I Am (1987), Your Body is a Battleground (1985), You Are Not Yourself (1981), Untitled (Y'all Invest in the Divinity of the Masterpiece) (1982), Face Information technology (Green) (2007), Untitled (Know Null, Believe Anything, Forget Everything) (2014)
Movement Feminism, Pictures Generation
Awards Leone D'Oro Venice Biennale, Goslarer Kaiserring

Barbara Kruger (built-in January 26, 1945) is an American conceptual artist and collagist associated with the Pictures Generation.[i] She is most known for her collage style that consists of black-and-white photographs, overlaid with declarative captions, stated in white-on-red Futura Assuming Oblique or Helvetica Ultra Condensed text.[2] The phrases in her works oft include pronouns such as "yous", "your", "I", "nosotros", and "they", addressing cultural constructions of power, identity, consumerism, and sexuality. Kruger's creative mediums include photography, sculpture, graphic pattern, architecture, likewise as video and sound installations.[three]

Kruger lives and works in New York and Los Angeles.[4] She is an Emerita Distinguished Professor of New Genres at the UCLA School of the Arts and Compages.[5]

Early life and career [edit]

Kruger was born into a working-class family unit[6] [seven] [8] in Newark, New Bailiwick of jersey. Her father worked as a chemical technician for Shell Oil[9] and her female parent was a legal secretary.

Kruger graduated from Weequahic High School.[10] She attended Syracuse University, simply left subsequently i twelvemonth due to the death of her father.[ix] Later on her twelvemonth at Syracuse University, in 1965, she went on to attend the Parsons School of Design in New York for a semester. Over the next ten years, Kruger established herself whilst pursuing graphic design for magazines and freelance picture editing, as well as designing book jackets.[xi] By the tardily 1960s, Kruger became interested in poetry, and began attending poetry readings also as writing her own poetry. While at Parsons School of Pattern, Kruger studied art and design with Diane Arbus and Marvin Israel, and before long obtained a design task at Condé Nast Publications.[4] Soon after, Kruger was awarded the position of head designer for the post-obit year. She initially worked equally a designer at Mademoiselle and subsequently moved on to work role-time as a moving picture editor for House and Garden, Aperture, and other publications.[12] She also wrote film, television, and music columns for Artforum and REALLIFE Magazine at the suggestion of her friend Ingrid Sischy.[9]

Kruger'southward primeval works date dorsum to 1969, when she began creating big wall hangings which incorporated materials such equally yarn, beads, sequins, feathers, and ribbons. These pieces represented the feminist reclamation of craft during this menstruum.[thirteen] Kruger crocheted, sewed, and painted brightly hued and erotically suggestive objects, some of which were included by curator Marcia Tucker in the 1973 Whitney Biennial.[viii] She drew her inspiration for these pieces from Magdalena Abakanowicz'southward evidence at the Museum of Modern Art. Although some of these works were included in the Whitney Biennial, Kruger became discrete and unsatisfied with her working output.[xi] In 1976, she took a pause from making what had become more than abstract works, feeling that her work had become meaningless and mindless.[9] She so moved to Berkeley, California, where she taught at the Academy of California and became inspired by the writings of Walter Benjamin and Roland Barthes.[nine] In 1977, she returned to making art, working with her own architectural photographs and publishing an art book, Picture/Readings, in 1979.[14] She was inspired to photograph architecture by her family's practice of touring "model homes they could never afford".[15]

At the get-go of her art career, Kruger reportedly felt intimidated by inbound New York galleries due to the prevailing atmosphere of the art scene which, to her, did not welcome "specially independent, non-masochistic women".[9] Nevertheless, she received early support for her projects from groups such as the Public Art Fund, which encouraged her to continue making art.[15] She switched to her mod practice of collage in the early on 1980s.

Creative practice [edit]

Addressing bug of language and sign, Kruger has often been grouped with such feminist postmodern artists every bit Jenny Holzer, Sherrie Levine, Martha Rosler, and Cindy Sherman.[xiv] Like Holzer and Sherman, in particular, she uses the techniques of mass communication and advertising to explore gender and identity.[16] She discusses her involvement in representing "how we are to one some other"[17] and the "broad sort of scope"[17] this provides for her work. Kruger is considered to be function of the Pictures Generation.[18]

Imagery and text [edit]

Belief+Doubt (2012) at the Hirshhorn Museum and Sculpture Garden

Much of Kruger's work pairs found photographs with pithy and assertive text that challenges the viewer,[8] known equally word art.[19] [twenty] Her method includes developing her ideas on a computer, later transferring the results (often billboard-sized) into printed images.[8] Examples of her instantly recognizable slogans include "I shop therefore I am", "Your body is a battleground", and "You are non yourself" appearing in her signature white letters against a blood-red background. Most of her work deals with provocative topics similar feminism, consumerism, and individual autonomy and want, oftentimes appropriating images from mainstream magazines and using her bold phrases to frame them in a new context.

Kruger has said that, "I work with pictures and words because they take the ability to determine who we are and who we aren't."[21] A recurring element in her piece of work is the appropriation and alteration of existing images. In describing her use of cribbing, Kruger states:

Pictures and words seem to get the rallying points for certain assumptions. There are assumptions of truth and falsity and I guess the narratives of falsity are called fictions. I replicate certain words and sentinel them stray from or coincide with the notions of fact and fiction.[22]

Her poster for the 1989 Women'south March on Washington in back up of legal abortion included a woman's face bisected into positive and negative photographic reproductions, accompanied by the text "Your torso is a battlefield."[8] A twelvemonth after, Kruger used this slogan in a billboard commissioned past the Wexner Center for the Arts. Twelve hours later, a group opposed to ballgame responded to Kruger'south work past replacing the adjacent billboard with an image depicting an eight-week-old fetus.[23]

Kruger's early monochrome pre-digital works, known equally 'paste ups', reveal the influence of the creative person's feel every bit a mag editorial designer during her early career. These small calibration works, the largest of which is 11 ten 13 inches (28 x 33 cm), are equanimous of altered found images, and texts either culled from the media or invented by the creative person. A negative of each piece of work was and then produced and used to make enlarged versions of these initial 'paste ups'.[24] Betwixt 1978 and 1979, she completed "Pic/Readings", simple photographs of pocket-sized houses alternate with panels of words.[8] From 1992 on, Kruger designed covers for a number of magazines, including Ms., Esquire, Newsweek, and The New Democracy.[25] Her signature font style of Futura Bold blazon is likely inspired by the "Big Idea" or "Creative Revolution" advertizing manner of the 1960s that she was exposed to during her experience at Mademoiselle.[nine]

In 1990, Kruger roused the Japanese American customs of Little Tokyo, Los Angeles, with her proposal to paint the Pledge of Allegiance, bordered by provocative questions, on the side of a warehouse in the heart of the celebrated downtown neighborhood.[viii] Kruger had been deputed by MOCA to paint a mural for "A Woods of Signs: Art in the Crisis of Representation", a 1989 exhibition that also included works by Barbara Blossom, Jenny Holzer, Jeff Koons, Sherrie Levine, and Richard Prince. But before the mural went up, Kruger herself and curator Ann Goldstein presented it at diverse community meetings over a period of 18 months.[26] Subsequently participants voiced protests about her design, the creative person offered to eliminate the pledge from her mural proposal, while still retaining a series of questions painted in the colors and format of the American flag: "Who is bought and sold? Who is beyond the law? Who is free to cull? Who follows orders? Who salutes longest? Who prays loudest? Who dies beginning? Who laughs final?".[8] A full year after the exhibition closed, Kruger's reconfigured mural finally went up for a two-year run.[26]

In 1995, with architects Henry Smith-Miller and Laurie Hawkinson and landscape architect Nicholas Quennell, she designed the 200-human foot-long (threescore m) sculptural letters Movie This for a stage and outdoor amphitheater at the North Carolina Museum of Art, Raleigh.[8]

For a site-specific piece that she produced at the Parrish Art Museum in 1998, Kruger placed across the upper range of the museum's Romanesque facade stark ruddy letters that read, "Y'all belong hither"; below, on columns separating three arched entry portals, stacked letters spelled "Money" and "Taste".[27] As role of the Venice Biennale in 2005, Kruger installed a digitally printed vinyl landscape across the entire facade of the Italian pavilion, thereby dividing it into iii parts—green at the left, reddish at the right, white in betwixt. In English language and Italian, the words "coin" and "ability" climbed the portico'due south columns; the left wall said, "Pretend things are going as planned", while "God is on my side; he told me and so" filled the right.[28] In 2012, her installation Belief+Doubt, which covers half dozen,700 square feet (620 m2) of surface surface area and was printed on wallpaper-like sheets in the artist's signature colors of red, black, and white, was installed at the Hirshhorn Museum and Sculpture Garden.[29]

Public ship [edit]

In 1994, Kruger'south L'empathie peut changer le monde (Empathy tin alter the world) was installed on a train station platform in Strasbourg, French republic. For a 1997 show in New York, Kruger had city buses wrapped with quotations from figures such every bit Malcolm X, Courtney Love, and H.L. Mencken. To promote Kruger's first retrospective, at the Museum of Contemporary Art, Los Angeles, she created 15 billboards and countless wild postings, executed and installed in both English language and Spanish.[eight] In back up of a public sensation campaign to promote arts pedagogy in the Los Angeles Unified School District, Kruger covered a jitney with phrases similar, "Give your encephalon as much attention as you exercise your hair and you'll exist a one thousand times better off"; "from here to at that place"; "Don't be a jerk"; and "You want information technology. You lot buy it. Yous forget it."[30] In 2017, Kruger's artwork was featured on 50,000 limited edition MetroCards released by New York's Metropolitan Transit Authority.[31]

Mode [edit]

In 1984, Kruger created a T-shirt pattern that featured a diddled-up image of a adult female's face with text running across the effigy'due south eyes and mouth reading, "I can't look at you ... and breathe at the same time." The shirt was produced every bit a collaborative project with style designer Willi Smith for his WilliWear Productions label.[32]

In 2017, Kruger collaborated with clothing brand Volcom for her contribution to the Performa 17 biennial in New York. She created a pop-up shop in the city'southward SoHo neighborhood where T-shirts, beanies, sweatshirts, and skateboards were upward for sale.[33]

Permanent installations [edit]

Between 1998 and 2008, Kruger created permanent installations for the Fisher College of Business, the Broad Contemporary Art Museum at LACMA, and the Price Center at the University of California, San Diego.[34] From 2008 until 2011, the Moderna Museet in Stockholm showed a site-specific work consisting of three large, wall mounted collages at the museum's archway area.[35] In 2012, Kruger created the permanent installation of her work Belief+Doubt in the lower level of the Hirshhorn Museum and Sculpture Garden in Washington, D.C.

Barbara Kruger at ACCA, Melbourne

Other works [edit]

Since the mid-1990s, Kruger has created large-scale immersive video and sound installations. Enveloping the viewer with the seductions of straight accost, the work continues her questioning of power, control, affection, and antipathy: withal images now move and speak and spatialize their commentary.[36] In 1997, Kruger produced a series of fiberglass sculptures of compromised public figures, including John F. and Robert F. Kennedy hoisting Marilyn Monroe on their shoulders.[8] In 2016, Kruger created a piece of work protesting the election of Donald Trump for the encompass of New York magazine and participated in a January 20, 2017, inauguration boycott.[37] [38] For the 2020 edition of the Frieze Fine art Off-white in Los Angeles, she presented a series of xx questions—including "Who exercise you think y'all are?" and "Who dies first? Who laughs concluding?"—displayed across digital billboards, street banners, landmarks, and public spaces throughout the city.[39]

Teaching [edit]

Kruger has taught an Independent Study Programme at the Whitney Museum, and at the California Institute of the Arts in Valencia, the University of California, Berkeley, and in Chicago. Later pedagogy for five years at UCSD, she joined the kinesthesia at the UCLA Schoolhouse of the Arts and Architecture, where she is a Distinguished Professor of New Genres. In 1995–96, she was artist in residence at the Wexner Center for the Arts, where she created Public Service Announcements addressing the issue of domestic violence.[40] In 2000, she was the Wiegand Foundation Creative person in Residence at Scripps College, Claremont.[41] She has written nigh television, film, and culture for Artforum, Esquire, The New York Times, and The Village Vocalism.

Connections with other artists [edit]

Barbara Kruger at the Stedelijk Museum Amsterdam

Kruger was involved with a group of artists who had graduated from CalArts and gravitated to New York City in the 1970s, including Ross Bleckner and David Salle, list them every bit her showtime peer group. She considered Diane Arbus to be her "commencement female person part model ... that didn't wash the flooring half-dozen times a day." She as well associated with Julian Schnabel, Marilyn Lerner, Sherrie Levine, Cindy Sherman, James Welling, Nancy Dwyer, Louise Lawler, Sarah Charlesworth, Laurie Simmons, Carol Squiers, Judith Barry, Jenny Holzer, Richard Prince, Becky Johnston, and Lynne Tillman. Kruger joined the group chosen Artists Meeting for Cultural Change in the 1970s, but noted almost the experience, "I wasn't a real [sic] active speaker; I was intimidated but also curious."[fifteen] In the same interview, Kruger explained that, although she was friends with a broad range of artists, she was non really influenced by them because she was working to support herself. In the early 1980s, Kruger also associated and exhibited with Colab artists, such every bit at the Isle of Negative Utopia show at The Kitchen in 1984.

Exhibitions [edit]

In 1979, Barbara Kruger exhibited her first works combining appropriated photographs and fragments of superimposed text at P.South. 1 Contemporary Art Centre, in Long Island Urban center, Queens. Her get-go institutional show was staged in London, when Iwona Blazwick decided to exhibit her work at the Institute of Contemporary Arts in 1983.[42] In 1999, the Museum of Contemporary Fine art in Los Angeles mounted the first retrospective exhibition to provide a comprehensive overview of Kruger'southward career since 1978; the evidence travelled to the Whitney Museum of American Art in New York in 2000.[43] Kruger has since been the subject of many one-person exhibitions, including shows organized by the Constitute of Contemporary Arts in London (1983), the Musée d'art contemporain de Montréal (1985), Serpentine Gallery in London (1994), Palazzo delle Papesse Centro Arte Contemporanea in Siena (2002), the Museum of Contemporary Art San Diego (2005), and Moderna Museet in Stockholm (2008).

In 2009, Kruger was included among the seminal artists whose work was exhibited in "The Pictures Generation, 1974–1984" at the Metropolitan Museum of Art. Kruger has besides participated in the Whitney Biennial (1983, 1985, and 1987) and Documenta 7 and 8 (1982 and 1987). She represented the The states at the Venice Biennale in 1982 and again participated in 2005, when she received the Leone d'Oro for lifetime achievement.

In 2007, Kruger was i of the many artists to exist a part of South Korea's Incheon Women Artists' Biennale in Seoul. This marked S Korea'due south first women'due south biennial.[44] That same year, she designed "Consider This...", an exhibition at the Los Angeles Canton Museum of Art.[45] In September 2009, Kruger's Betwixt Being Born and Dying, a major installation commissioned by the Lever Firm Art Drove, opened at the New York City architectural landmark Lever Firm. In 2012, as a fellow member of the lath of the Museum of Contemporary Art, Los Angeles (MOCA), Kruger volunteered to be the atomic number 82 funder of the museum'southward scholarly exhibit Ends of the Globe: Land Art to 1974 and to create a new work on vinyl to sell, with proceeds going entirely toward the show's $one million budget.[46] An exhibition of new and recent work from Kruger was hosted by Modern Art Oxford in 2014.[47] In 2016, as part of the commemoration of the reopening of the E Building Tower Gallery following years of renovation, The National Gallery of Art created an exhibition showcasing 13 works by Barbara Kruger.[48]

From September 19, 2021, to Jan 24, 2022, Barbara Kruger: Thinking of You lot, I Mean Me, I Hateful Yous is a broad comprehensive, immersive exhibition at the Art Institute of Chicago, traveling to Los Angeles Canton Museum of Art ( LACMA ) from March 20, 2022 to July 17, 2022.[49]

Kruger'southward words and pictures take been displayed in both galleries and public spaces, as well as offered as framed and unframed photographs, posters, postcards, T-shirts, electronic signboards, façade banners, and billboards.

Personal life [edit]

Kruger lives in the Beachwood Canyon neighborhood of Los Angeles.[fifty] [51]

Recognition [edit]

The Museum of Contemporary Art, Los Angeles awarded Kruger the MOCA Laurels to Distinguished Women in the Arts in 2001.[52] In 2005, she was included in The Experience of Art at the Venice Biennale[53] and was the recipient of the Leone d'Oro for lifetime achievement.[54] At the tenth anniversary Gala in the Garden at the Hammer Museum in 2012, Kruger was honored by TV presenter Rachel Maddow.[55] In 2012, Kruger joined John Baldessari and Catherine Opie in leaving the Museum of Contemporary Art's board in protest,[56] merely later returned in support of the museum's new manager, Philippe Vergne, in 2014.[57] In 2021, Kruger was included in Time magazine'southward almanac list of the 100 Most Influential People.[58]

Art market [edit]

Kruger'southward first dealer was Gagosian Gallery, with which she did two shows in Los Angeles in the early 1980s.[42] In 1986, she was the outset woman to join the prominent contemporary art gallery of Mary Boone[59] and has had nine solo shows in that location. Following's the gallery's closure, she moved to David Zwirner Gallery in 2019.[60] Kruger is besides represented past Rhona Hoffman Gallery, Chicago; and Sprüth Magers Berlin London (since 1985)[sixty] and Fifty&K Arts in Los Angeles.

In late 2011, Kruger'due south 1985 photograph of a ventriloquist'due south dummy, Untitled (When I Hear the Give-and-take Civilization I Take Out My Checkbook), was sold at Christie's for a record $902,500.[29]

Supreme lawsuit [edit]

Supreme, a skateboard and apparel brand established in 1994, have been accused of taking their logo—the white word "Supreme" on a blood-red box—from Kruger'due south signature manner. James Jebbia, founder of Supreme, has admitted that the logo was taken from Kruger's work.[61] Kruger herself had not commented on this issue until a recent lawsuit between Supreme and Leah McSweeney, founder of Married to the Mob (MTTM), a women's street clothing make. MTTM used the Supreme logo to make a "Supreme Bowwow" logo that was printed on T-shirts and hats. In response, Kruger said, "What a ridiculous clusterfuck of totally uncool jokers. I make my work about this kind of sadly foolish farce. I'g waiting for all of them to sue me for copyright infringement."[62] Eventually the lawsuits were dropped upon the parties reaching an agreement that McSweeney could keep to use the phrase "Supreme Bitch" every bit long as it was "not in the way Barbara Kruger does."[63] [64]

Books [edit]

  • My Pretty Pony (1989), text by Stephen Male monarch, illustrations by Barbara Kruger, Library Fellows of the Whitney Museum of American Art
  • Barbara Kruger: 7 January to 28 Jan 1989 by Barbara Kruger, Mary Boone Gallery, 1989
  • Barbara Kruger: 5 January to 26 January 1991 past Barbara Kruger, 1991
  • Remote Control: Ability, Cultures, and the World of Appearances past Barbara Kruger, 1994
  • Honey for Sale by Kate Linker, 1996
  • Remaking History (Discussions in Gimmicky Culture, No 4) by Barbara Kruger, 1998
  • Thinking of You lot, 1999 (The Museum of Gimmicky Fine art, Los Angeles)
  • Barbara Kruger by Angela Vettese, 2002
  • Coin Talks by Barbara Kruger and Lisa Phillips, 2005
  • Barbara Kruger by Barbara Kruger, Rizzoli 2010

Film and video [edit]

  • "The Globe Shrinks". 2010
  • "Pleasure, Pain, Desire, Disgust". 1997
  • "Twelve". 2004
  • Bulls on Parade video clip, Rage Against the Motorcar (1996)
  • "Art in the Twenty-Starting time Century". 2001
  • "Cinefile: Reel Women". 1995
  • "Picturing Barbara Kruger". 2015[65]

Meet also [edit]

  • Fine art & Linguistic communication
  • You Are Non Yourself, 1981 work by Kruger
  • Feminist art motion in the United States
  • Shepard Fairey
  • Emi Fontana
  • Jenny Holzer
  • Martin Firrell
  • Louise Lawler
  • Cindy Sherman
  • Mike Kelley
  • Joel Wachs, Los Angeles City Quango fellow member who helped Kruger get permission for an outdoor art slice[66]

References [edit]

  1. ^ "Barbara Kruger, Ad Industry Heroine". Slate. July 19, 2000. Retrieved January 10, 2017.
  2. ^ "Female Iconoclasts: Barbara Kruger". Artland Mag. September 18, 2020. Retrieved Oct 10, 2021.
  3. ^ "UCLA Department of Fine art | Faculty". www.art.ucla.edu . Retrieved October 10, 2021.
  4. ^ a b "Barbara Kruger". PBS. Retrieved Apr 14, 2014.
  5. ^ "UCLA Department of Fine art | Faculty". www.art.ucla.edu . Retrieved December 28, 2019.
  6. ^ Hyman, Paula E., Moore, Deborah Dash (1998). Jewish Women in America. An Historical Encyclopedia. New York, NY: Routledge. Sponsored past The American Jewish Historical Society. ISBN 0-415-91934-7. (from page 764)
  7. ^ Dashkin, Michael (February 27, 2009). "Barbara Kruger, b. 1945". Jewish Women: A Comprehensive Historical Encyclopedia.
  8. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k Drohojowska-Philp, Hunter (October 17, 1999). "She Has a Way With Words" Los Angeles Times.
  9. ^ a b c d due east f g Kruger, Barbara (2000). Thinking of You. Cumberland, Rhode Island, U.s.a.: Cumberland, Rhode Island, U.South.A.: Mit Pr. pp. 27, 29–31, 112. ISBN0262112507.
  10. ^ Witzling, Mara Rose (1994). "+weequahic Voicing Today's Visions: Writings past Contemporary Women Artists. p. 265. Universe. ISBN 0-87663-640-7. Retrieved March five, 2012. "Barbara Kruger B. 1945..."
  11. ^ a b "Barbara Kruger, American (1945– )". Rhode Island Gallery. March 17, 2017.
  12. ^ "Biography – Barbara Kruger – Photograph Collage, Advertising, Slogans, Art". Barbara Kruger. Retrieved July thirty, 2014.
  13. ^ "Barbara Kruger, American (1945– )". Rhode Isle Gallery. March 17, 2017.
  14. ^ a b Barbara Kruger, Untitled (When I hear the word culture I take out my checkbook) (1985) Christie's Evening Sale of Works from the Peter Norton Drove, viii November 2011, New York.
  15. ^ a b c Bollen, Christopher (February 28, 2013). "Barbara Kruger". Interview . Retrieved March eleven, 2017.
  16. ^ Read My Lips: Jenny Holzer, Barbara Kruger, Cindy Sherman, June vi – August 9, 1998 National Gallery of Australia.
  17. ^ a b O'Grady, Megan (October 19, 2020). "Barbara Kruger Offers a Dark Mirror for Our Meme-Driven Age". T. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved March 9, 2021.
  18. ^ Eklund, Douglas. Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History: The Pictures Generation. Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York.
  19. ^ Cohen, Alina (January five, 2019). "13 Artists Who Highlight the Power of Words". Artsy . Retrieved May 19, 2021.
  20. ^ "Give-and-take Art: Text-based Painting, Prints, Sculpture". Art Encyclopedia. Visual-Arts-Cork.com. Retrieved May 19, 2021.
  21. ^ Barbara Kruger: Circus, December 15, 2010 – January 30, 2011 Archived December 24, 2010, at the Wayback Car Kunsthalle Schirn, Frankfurt.
  22. ^ Kruger, Barbara; Prince, Richard (Spring 1982). "Interview with Barbara Kruger and Richard Prince", Bomb.
  23. ^ Bollen, Christopher (February 13, 2013). "Barbara Kruger". Interview . Retrieved July 30, 2014.
  24. ^ Barbara Kruger: Paste Up, November 21, 2009 – Jan 23, 2010, Sprüth Magers Gallery, London.
  25. ^ Hagen, Charles (June 14, 1992). "Barbara Kruger: Cover Girl". The New York Times.
  26. ^ a b Knight, Christopher (December 14, 2010). "MOCA's mural mess". Los Angeles Times.
  27. ^ Johnson, Ken (Baronial vi, 2004). "The Hamptons, A Playground For Creativity". The New York Times.
  28. ^ Knight, Christopher (June 21, 2005). "Fueled by politics". Los Angeles Times.
  29. ^ a b Crow, Kelly (August 2, 2012). "An Creative person Has Her Say—All Over a Museum's Lobby and Store". The Wall Street Periodical.
  30. ^ Blume, Howard (Oct viii, 2012). "Campaign launched to promote arts education in L.A. Unified". Los Angeles Times.
  31. ^ Chow, Andrew R. (October 29, 2017). "MetroCards With Barbara Kruger Art Are Coming to New York City". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved September 26, 2021.
  32. ^ Silva, Horacio (2020). "Artventure". In Cunningham Cameron, Alexandra (ed.). Willi Smith: Street Couture. New York: Rizzoli Electa. p. 184. ISBN978-0-8478-6819-3.
  33. ^ Claire Selvin (August 6, 2020), Barbara Kruger's Foreign, Attracting Text-Based Artworks: How the Creative person Critiqued Advertising and Rose to Fame ARTnews.
  34. ^ Barbara Kruger: Another, 2008 Academy of California, San Diego.
  35. ^ Barbara Kruger, eight May 2008 – 11 September 2011 Moderna Museet.
  36. ^ Barbara Kruger: The Earth Shrinks, September, 3 – Oct 23, 2010, Sprüth Magers Gallery, Berlin.
  37. ^ "Trump the Loser, according to Kruger". The Art Newspaper. October 31, 2016. Retrieved Oct 31, 2016.
  38. ^ "Don't cold-shoulder, make protest art!". trumpprotestart.org. January 13, 2017. Archived from the original on March eleven, 2018. Retrieved Jan xiii, 2017.
  39. ^ Claire Selvin (August 6, 2020), Barbara Kruger's Strange, Alluring Text-Based Artworks: How the Artist Critiqued Advertizing and Rose to FameARTnews.
  40. ^ Wexner Center Residency Awards Archived May 25, 2012, at the Wayback Machine Wexner Center for the Arts.
  41. ^ Barbara Kruger to exist Wiegand Foundation Artist in Residence at Scripps Archived July 1, 2013, at the Wayback Machine Scripps College, Claremont.
  42. ^ a b Roux, Caroline (May nine, 2011). "Barbara Kruger: Slogans that milkshake club". The Independent.
  43. ^ Barbara Kruger, October 17, 1999 – February 13, 2000 Museum of Contemporary Art, Los Angeles.
  44. ^ "Southward Korea Kicks off Beginning Women'south Biennial", Art+Auction, November 6, 2007, retrieved April sixteen, 2008
  45. ^ Consider This..., Apr 9, 2006 – January 15, 2007 Archived May 18, 2012, at the Wayback Machine LACMA
  46. ^ Boehm, Mike (March 28, 2012). "MOCA bets on festival's star power". Los Angeles Times.
  47. ^ "Barbara Kruger: 28 June - 31 Baronial". Modern Fine art Oxford.
  48. ^ "In the Belfry: Barbara Kruger". world wide web.nga.gov . Retrieved October 10, 2021.
  49. ^ "Barbara Kruger: Thinking of You. I Mean Me. I Hateful Y'all". The Art Constitute of Chicago . Retrieved October 10, 2021.
  50. ^ "She Has a Way With Words". Los Angeles Times. October 17, 1999. Archived from the original on January 3, 2022. Retrieved January 3, 2022.
  51. ^ "Old Hollywood Lives on in Beachwood Canyon". world wide web.yahoo.com . Retrieved January 3, 2022.
  52. ^ "ninth MOCA Distinguished Women in the Arts Luncheon". www.moca.org . Retrieved March 20, 2020.
  53. ^ Vogel, Ballad (June thirteen, 2005). "Subdued Biennale Forgoes Stupor Factor". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved March 20, 2020.
  54. ^ "Barbara Kruger" Archived 2014-02-28 at the Wayback Machine Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum. Retrieved 14 April 2014.
  55. ^ Miller, Julie (October 7, 2012). "Steve Martin and Rachel Maddow Toast Earth-Renowned Artists at the Hammer Museum; Katy Perry Toasts Boom Art". Vanity Fair.
  56. ^ "Barbara Kruger and Catherine Opie resign from MOCA board". Los Angeles Times. July xiv, 2012. Retrieved March 20, 2020.
  57. ^ Boehm, Mike; Vankin, Deborah (March 19, 2014). "Artists return to MOCA board". Los Angeles Times.
  58. ^ "Barbara Kruger: The 100 Virtually Influential People of 2021". Time . Retrieved October 10, 2021.
  59. ^ Spears, Dorothy (August 24, 2010). "Resurgent Agitprop in Capital Letters". The New York Times.
  60. ^ a b Solomon, Tessa (Nov 21, 2019). "Creative person Barbara Kruger, Long Loyal to Recently Jailed Mary Boone, Heads to David Zwirner Gallery". ARTnews.
  61. ^ Deleon, Jian (May 1, 2013). "Supreme™ Courtroom: The 12 Greatest Moments of Supreme'southward Legal Boxing With Leah McSweeney". Complex . Retrieved March 11, 2017.
  62. ^ Kamer, Foster (May 2, 2013). "Barbara Kruger Responds to Supreme'southward Lawsuit: 'A Ridiculous Clusterf**k of Totally Uncool Jokers'". Complex . Retrieved March 11, 2017.
  63. ^ Kamer, Foster (July 1, 2013). "The Battle of Supreme™ vs. Married to the Mob is Over, and This Is Why". Complex . Retrieved March 11, 2017.
  64. ^ "Spotter Hasan Minhaj Pivot From Streetwear Brand Supreme to Barbara Kruger, Max Veblen, and the Carlyle Grouping". Slate.
  65. ^ "Picturing Barbara Kruger directed past Pippa Bianco". Retrieved Feb 27, 2016 – via Vimeo.
  66. ^ Work titled "Pleanty" for the art initiative W of Rome in the 2008 project "Women in the City" Curated by West of Rome'due south creative manager Emi Fontana.http://www.womeninthecity.org/

Further reading [edit]

  • Heyd, Milly. 1999. Mutual Reflections: Jews and Blacks in American Fine art. New Brunswick, New Bailiwick of jersey: Rutgers University Printing. ISBN 0-8135-2618-three.
  • Hyman, Paula East., Moore, Beborah Nuance. 1998. Jewish Women in America. An Historical Encyclopedia. New York, NY: Routledge. Sponsored by The American Jewish Historical Lodge. ISBN 0-415-91934-7.
  • Janson, H.W., Janson, Anthony F. History of Fine art. Harry N. Abrams, Inc., Publishers. 6 edition. January 1, 2005. ISBN 0-13-182895-nine
  • Kruger, Barbara. 1982. "'Taking' Pictures." Screen 23 (2): 90–96.
  • Linker, Kate. Love For Sale: Words and Pictures of Barbara Kruger. New York: Harry North. Abrams Inc., 1996.
  • Femme brut(e), [exhibition catalogue] New London: Lyman Allyn Art Museum, 2006.
  • "Barbara Kruger" ACCA Educational activity Kit. Australian Centre for Contemporary Art. http://www.accaonline.org.au/Assets/12/1/BarbaraKrugeredkit-one.pdf
  • Rankin, Aimee. 1987. "'Divergence' and Deference." Screen 11 (ii): 91–101.

External links [edit]

  • Biography, interviews, essays, artwork images and video clips from PBS series Art:21 -- Art in the Twenty-First Century – Season 1 (2001).
  • Barbara Kruger at the Museum of Mod Art
  • Kruger collection at the Wide Fine art Foundation

0 Response to "The Textbased Art of Barbara Kruger Is an Example of"

Post a Comment

Subscribe to: Post Comments (Atom)

Iklan Atas Artikel

Iklan Tengah Artikel 1

Iklan Tengah Artikel 2

Iklan Bawah Artikel